Bpharm 2nd Semester syllabus as per PCI. You can download Bpharm 2nd Semester syllabus in pdf.

Human Anatomy and Physiology 2
Unit 1
Nervous system
Organizationof nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classificationand properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerveimpulse, receptors,synapse, neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid.structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent
and efferent nerve tracts,reflex activity)
Unit 2
Digestive system
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach,
( Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production through
parasympathetic nervous system,pepsin role in protein digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver,
movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
Energetics
Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR.
Unit 3
Respiratory system
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration,
and resuscitation methods.
Urinary system
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
Unit 4
Endocrine system
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.
Unit 5
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female
reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization,
spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
Introduction to genetics
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 1
Unit 1
Classification, nomenclature and isomerism
Classification of Organic Compounds
Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds
(up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds)
Structural isomerisms in organic compounds
Unit 2
Alkanes, Alkenes and Conjugated dienes*
SP3 hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins. Stabilities of alkenes, SP2 hybridization in alkenes
E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs orientation and evidences. E1 verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2 reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes, Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti Markownikoff’s orientation.
Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement
Unit 3
Alkylhalides*
SN1 and SN2 reactions- kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and
rearrangement of carbocations.
SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions
Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform.
Alcohols*– Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol,
chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol
Unit 4
Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)
Nucleophilic addition, Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation, Perkin
condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde, Paraldehyde, Acetone,
Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin, Cinnamaldehyde.
Unit 5
Carboxylic acids*
Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative
tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester
Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid. Oxalic
acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and
Acetyl salicylic acid
Aliphatic amines*– Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test, Structure and
uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine
Biochemistry
Unit 1
Biomolecules
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins.
Bioenergetics
Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP
Unit 2
Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis– Pathway, energetics and significance
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate phosphorylation
Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers
Unit 3
Lipid metabolism
β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis
De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
Amino acid metabolism
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
Unit 4
Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease
Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions
DNAreplication (semi conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
Unit 5
Enzymes
Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes
Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric
enzymes regulation
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes
Coenzymes–Structure and biochemical functions
Pathophysiology
Unit 1
Basicprinciples of Cell injury and Adaptation:
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems,
Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage,
Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury– Adaptive changes
(Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular
accumulation, Calcification, &Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis
Basicmechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation,Mechanism of Inflammation– Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s,Mediators of inflammation,Basic principles of wound healing in the skin,Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
Unit 2
Cardiovascular System:
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina,myocardial
infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system: Acute and chronic renal failure
Unit 3
Haematological Diseases:
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia,
thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders:
depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer
Unit 4
Inflammatorybowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease.
Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and gout
Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
Diseases of bones and joints: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis,Gout
Principles of Cancer: Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of Cancer
Unit 5
Infectious diseases: Meningitis,Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis Urinary tract infections
Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea
Computer Application in Pharmacy
Unit 1
Numbersystem: Binarynumbersystem, Decimalnumbersystem, Octal numbersystem, Hexadecimal numbersystems, conversion decimal to binary, binaryto decimal, octal to binaryetc, binaryaddition, binary subtraction–One’s complement ,Two’s complement method, binary multiplication, binarydivision
Concept of Information Systems and Software: Informationgathering, requirementand feasibilityanalysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/outputdesign, process lifecycle, planningand managingthe project
Unit 2
Web technologies: Introduction to HTML, XML,CSS and Programming languages, introduction to web serversandServer Products
Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database
Unit 3
Applicationof computers in Pharmacy – Drug information storage and retrieval, Pharmacokinetics,Mathematical model in Drug design,Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy,Electronic Prescribing and discharge (EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring
Diagnostic System,Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System,
Pharma Information System
Unit 4
Bioinformatics: Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Databases, Concept of Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery
Unit 5
Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development:
Chromatographic dada analysis(CDS), Laboratory Information management
System (LIMS) and Text Information Management System(TIMS)
Environmental Sciences
Unit 1
The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies
Natural Resources
Renewable and non-renewable resources:
Natural resources and associated problems
a) Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food resources; e) Energy resources;
f) Land resources: Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.
Unit 2
Ecosystems
1. Concept of an ecosystem.
2. Structure and function of an ecosystem.
3. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the ecosystems: Forest ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem; Desert ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
Unit 3
Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution